A world without laws

Now, Imagine a world without any laws. No rules, no commands and Just your rules to be followed. It's also crazy Isn't To have a world without any laws means not only to be free but also to be In a world with chaos. For example, the traffic rules, Without any traffic rules, how can we determine whether we are on the go signal or not? Can you Imagine It? A car being smashed by another?What result would that supposed to be? Focuses! What else? It's accidents. Yes I can say that every person has his/her rights to wish for his/her freedom however, this freedom should be limited. In this case, I can also say that even though they can do anything what he/she wishes for, he/she can never wish what a government wishes to have in its institution, to have peace and order. Yet, people wish for their own interest and it doesn't help each other. Imagine the people peeing in different places, different streets? Or how about people who throws garbage anywhere? Do you think it's healthy?A big NO for me because these things exults into floods, typhoons and other natural calamities being held not constant or even worse deceases.. This makes the lives of others to be in danger. What about buildings making their goods at higher price or shall we say doing the act of overpricing? Is it helpful to us? I say, no. How can people with little income buy food with too expensive goods? How can they live their lives without buying it? The tendency would be robbery. They will be forced to rob food shops because they can't afford a high price of goods because they are poor.They will be forced and in such ease would make it a hobby because of that high prices of goods. Imagine the world without any law enforcers; do you think we can live peacefully? To those who have lost their innocent member of the family, do you think without the law enforcers, can they claim their right for injustice? No they can't. What about drugs, a world full of dangerous drugs, do you think it molds people to what ou r present professionals are doing right know? Again, I think not. These things we can imagine if we create a world without laws.A world full of accidents, harassment and such cases that a man can o without making himself or herself put Into Jail. Are you willing to have a world Like that? I guess not. Therefore, Imagine a world with laws. Laws that protects human life, a law that makes a person free with Its Limits, Isn't It wonderful? And Peaceful? We need laws to guide us, we need them because we do. Live a world with laws to be guided, secured and to be protected. A world without laws By Paraphrases Imagine a world without any laws. No rules, no commands and in fact we only follow rules of our own. Try to think of it. Fun! Isn't it?Now, imagine a world without any laws. No rules, no commands and Just your rules to be followed. It's also crazy isn't To have a world without any laws means not only to be free but also to be in a determine whether we are on the go signal or not? Can you imagine it? A car being they claim their right for injustice? No they can't. What about drugs, a world full of do without making himself or herself put into Jail. Are you willing to have a world like that? I guess not. Therefore, imagine a world with laws. Laws that protects human life, a law that makes a person free with its limits, isn't it wonderful? And Peaceful?

Billy Elliot †Film Review Essay

Recently I watched a film entitled Billy Elliot. I personally thought that the film was great in several ways, scripts, film techniques .etc. Every aspects of the film were thought out with detail. The film was set in 1984 when the miners’ strike took place. The unique setting adds to why I like this film so much. Billy Elliot was directed by Stephen Daldry, and 1st published in the year 2000. Today this film still remains popular as a family movie. The story was told from the main character point of view, that is Billy Elliot (Jamie Bell). Billy was an eleven year old boy who has a dream to become a ballet dancer, after inheriting his mother’s love for dance and music. Unfortunately, Billy’s dream was opposed by his father, Jackie (Gary Lewis) and his brother (Jamie Draven). Every member of Billy’s family were coal miners and expected Billy to follow the same footsteps. However, this does not shatter Billy’s dream. Billy, supported by his friend, Michael (Stuart Wells), chooses to attend ballet classes outside his family’s knowledge. The film’s setting was in 1984 when a yearlong strike took place in Britain. Billy’s parents happen to be the coal miners involved in the strike. Throughout the film, the family’s struggle through the strike was filmed with much detail. Meanwhile Billy Elliot hopes to be a dancer. Billy’s father has already had enough struggles with the strike, and is enraged when he finds out the Billy has been attending classes without him knowing, and forbids ballet. Billy still remains firm and continued to pursue his dreams. Would Billy achieve his dream? Watch the film and find out. The main theme of Billy Elliot is mainly family issues and stereotyping. The film was set in the 1980s when stereotyping was done often. This affects Billy who wants to become a ballet dancer. Unfortunately, it was not only the public who stereotyped but Billy’s family too! After neither Billy nor his family are giving in to either accept Billy’s wish or to give up, family issues occur. The harsh struggle during the strike means even more family issues. If you pay attention various film techniques were used such as: music, the lightings or the camera’s angle. An example would be the image of the sky representing that the world is opening up as Billy is leaving for London. Sad moments include when everybody else is indoors celebrating Christmas as on the contrary, Billy’s father has to destroy the piano for wood to burn. The movie Billy Elliot is directed towards any age group, however it is not recommended for children under thirteen due to inappropriate aspects such as swearing or violence. Overall I give the film was great and I give it four out of five stars.

Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay

We think of farms as always being there. Food will always be grown. Our countryside will be full of cows and crops just like it always has been. The fact is that this may not be true. Farmers are faced with the growing costs to run their farms. These costs include taxes, insurance, and regular farm costs. When we visited a farm, the farmer said that this was one of his main concerns†¦. and not the weather conditions like we thought. Farmers are being offered big money to sell their farms. Companies that are building lots of houses and condominiums buy up farm land so that city people can move into the country. They break up the farm land into smaller pieces of land. In the picture on the right, you will see an example of how housing developments are gradually taking over valuable farm land. With more people traveling and moving into the country, more roads need to be built. Roads take up land, too. Many times the land is farmland. So, the farmer is offered lots of money to sell their land. The high taxes and farm costs make this look good to farmers. Another big threat is roads that go around cities. These are called loops or bypasses. These use up farm land, parks, and green spaces edging our cities. This has had a terrible track record over the past few years, although many mayors and members of Congress now want to build more. As a nation, we should stop giant highways and promote new transportation that helps the economy and the environment. We interviewed former Congressman and former head of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority Neil Gallagher who said, â€Å"New Jersey used to make awful smells that would spread across the area from a major pig farm in Secaucus. A plan then was made by Governor Al Driscoll to run a highway through New York State to the crossing of the Delaware River to take out the traffic on Highway Number 1. In order to build these roadways, all the roads had to connect and pass through Secaucus which had to be the hub of the highway. In order to do this, the government had to buy all the pig farms in Secaucus.† Mr. Gallagher remembers that several laws were passed: A new organization was formed called the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Creation of an organization that would buy the farms at a fair price. Allowing the turnpike to sell bonds to raise money to buy the land and  build the road. The bonds would be paid for by the tolls that were collected on the turnpike. [Two thirds of the money came from out-of-state drivers.] The result of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority closing down the farms was that we lost the farm land, and the new use of that land resulted in the greatest economic boom that the state of New Jersey had ever seen. The road itself created all new jobs throughout the state and in Secaucus itself. Let’s use the New Jersey Meadowlands sports complex as an example. This land became some of the most valuable land in the metropolitan area when the Meadowlands [including Giant Stadium, the race track, and Continental Arena] was built where pig farms used to be. Mr. Gallagher feels that, â€Å"Sometimes the price of progress is finding a better use of land that benefits more people at the expense of a more rural and quiet way of life. The threat to farming had to be raised for the people of the state. This is one example, but a balance does have to be set from nature and a growing society.† Many people would agree with Mr. Gallagher’s statements and many others would not. No matter where you stand on the loss of valuable farmland to development, you need to always be concerned about the future of our farming communities.

Supply Chain Management Research paper.Reflections on the Theory of Paper

Supply Chain Management .Reflections on the Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Research Paper Example The current trend in the supply chain management indicates that there is an increase in collaboration between supply chain stakeholders in numerous organizations in the world. The collaboration of supply chain parties is increasing in numerous industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and agri-food (David, Vafa, Paul, & Seung-Chul, 2014). Collaboration has increased because organizations have recognized that all stakeholders take part in the production of high quality goods and services. This means that their actions have to be accounted for while delivering the product to the final customer. A study conducted by Li, Ford, Zhai and Lu (2012) found out that the main benefits of supply chain collaboration include improved communication and relationships, efficient customer service, and efficient problem solving. The theory of constraints is based on the premise that organizations must concentrate on the limiting factors for them to succeed. The hypothesis argues that organization managers must first identify the constraints that face their businesses; after determining the limiting factors, the management then makes all decisions based on these factors (Matapoulos, Vlachapoulou, & Manthou, 2007). The decisions that managers make aim at preventing the occurrence of the constraints. The hypothesis is essential in healthcare supply chain planning because this field has numerous constraints that must be taken care of to avoid unfavorable occurrences. The constraints include inefficient communication, shortage products such as medicine and injections, and poor customer service that are caused by inexperienced employees. Therefore, the theory of constraints is essential in healthcare because it helps to reduce delays and shortages of products that lead to dissatisfaction of customers (David, Vafa , Paul, & Seung-Chul, 2014). The

Evalution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evalution - Essay Example The Company’s aim is to produce the most qualified staff in the courier services that ensure that effectiveness and efficiency are maintained in our process, structures and outcomes. As competition grows higher; the need for quality service delivery in courier services remains a challenge, hence well trained personnel becomes necessary in our policies (Donald, 2009). Our measurements were based on three basic evaluation tools; that is, sensitivity, reliability and validity. Reliability is the capacity of a measurement system to give consistent result when applied several times. This is vital in determining whether the measurement method can achieve the required purpose (Donald, 2009). Sensitivity on the other hand is the ability of the applied technique to identify changes in the program. Finally, validity is the extent to which a technique measures what it is required. These measurement tools are vital in ensuring that the result needed in the program are accurate and free from deviation (Owen, 2007). To draw concise training evaluation program for the Mach Speed, it should be known that our goal was to produce excellent courier service providers in the market. This follows in line with several objectives we drew to achieve better program results. Our first method in evaluation was collecting data (Astd, 2008). Using the trainee assessment forms, shown by the sample, the people who carried the evaluation were able to calculate the results using the rubric table shown in the appendix. Each category of score was evaluated against the marks scored (Marrow, 2010). A percentage score is then drawn for every form on each evaluation element, and then their averages are taken. This could tell the planers where the short falls occurred and the best method of tackling the issue to solve the problem, and to attain an efficient training mode. The planner will gauge from these score whether the training succeed or failed (Astd,

Racial discrimination in the United States Essay

Racial discrimination in the United States - Essay Example Redlining is more common in discrimination and it has been practiced over long period of time from historical perspective and in the modern world, it has been practiced on various grounds such as employment and opportunity to various individuals and groups in the society (Leonard, 2007).Affirmative actions are the policies that undertake race, ethnicity and gender into consideration in the endeavor of ensuring equal opportunity is promoted in a society. It is mainly concerned with such aspects as education, employment and also such public contracting as the health programs. Affirmative action can be in two categories whereby one category addresses equality and eliminate any form of discrimination that is concerned with such issues institutional, overt and involuntary while the other category is focused on maximizing societal benefits and diversity on all levels in the society (Ward, 2006).In the United States, there is gross discrimination on racial grounds and the most discriminated against are the Non-White residents in the country. There have been debates that an affirmative action would be very instrumental in eliminating discrimination based on institutional, employment, educational and business opportunity in the country. Thesis Statement In the modern world, people are still discriminated against in such aspects as employments, education, institutional and business opportunities. Affirmative action is an important project to counter this discrimination. This is because the policy give well qualified people equal opportunities to other people and in a country like the United States of America where there is gross discrimination based on race, this policy will give a strong foundation for improvement in regards to racial discrimination in the United States. Racial Discrimination in the United States Since the colonial era in the United States one of the most prevalent issues in the country is racism. The whites who are considered to be the settler society are the dominating race in the country and this means that the other races which include the Blacks, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latin Americans, Irish Americans and others are highly discriminated against. This discrimination is extended to such fields as employment, education, institutional and business opportunity in the country. The whites have enjoyed dominancy in these fields while the other races have been left in the periphery of the system. Although there was some improvements in the twentieth century when the government enacted laws which prohibited entities against racialism, race identities are still held very highly in the country and by prominent members of the society who control various mechanisms in the country (Hurst, 2000). Educational discrimination There is widespread education discrimination in the Untied States with the highest numbers of graduates from high school, college and university coming from the Whites. This shows that the educational opportunities in the country are favored towards the Whites while the other races are discriminated against. This is also furthered in that when the Whites get better education opportunities they also get better opportunities in life especially in this era of education opportunities. This means that the Whites have better opportunities to develop their lives while the other races are left to struggle with life (Williams, 1999). The table below shows the percentage of White

MOVEO folding electric scooter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MOVEO folding electric scooter - Essay Example In marketing of MOVEO, a folding electric scooter of Antro group, an intensive research has been done in the markets globally to enable for the sale of moveo. This is in line with the strategies of a good marketing communication plan that requires intensive research before the launch of a plan to market a product in the market. The marketing of Moveo entails the understanding of in-depth target audiences. Moreover, the processes of selling, buying and communication need to be included in the marketing communication plan to enable for an effective marketing of Moveo. Marketing plan needs to outline interactions processes in procedures for an effective marketing. In this paper, marketing communication plan has the following tools and information that produces a foremost-speed marketing communications sketch for the purchase of moveo globally. First, the development of marketing communication arrangement has been considered, communications planning guide, marketing tactical plan, market ing budget plan and finally a schedule to prevent any constrains in the marketing of Moveo. The inclusion of the above procedures in the marketing plan creates overwhelming markets for the buying and selling of moveo products across the world (Boy Scouts of America, 2009). In the development of market communication plan, the figure below has been considered to show how different channels of communication work to enable for an effective buying and selling of Moveo in the global market. The development of the plan includes facing of materials by customers. The materials include press releases, brochures, web sites and trade shows (Clark, 2004). The marketing communication plan of moveo includes keeping the company voice in one, across vast number of products, customer interactions and regions, enabling varied groups of citizens to create incorporated infrastructure channels, assisting in the

Reflection On Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Reflection On Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The situation that was in the offing was a creation of six group members. The aim of the group in implementation of the entrepreneurship experimental learning was to look into all the available social avenues to search for an entrepreneur and have him/her respond to their questionnaire. The main issue about the interview was to try and get knowledge of his ability and how he has managed to succeed in the competitive business world. The method of searching for an entrepreneur was to be open and given the high availability of the social networks, all the group members were hopeful of a useful choice being found. Actions That Were Implemented As stated, the choice of an entrepreneur is not an easy task because in most cases the people who are known are the executives and management teams and individuals. These only take part in the implementation of the procedures but they are usually not part of the original team that initiates the project. The cosmopolitan lived offered a wide variety of choices of entrepreneurs that were to be interviewed. An e-mail was sent to an entrepreneur in the cosmopolitan and it was easy to get through since he responded confirming the acceptance of his time. This opportunity was good because the business was well known to all the town members. The entrepreneur was Mr Oren, the entrepreneur behind the existence of MoYou Organization, a company that is associated with creation and development of beauty products. The arrangement was that there was need to meet over a tea break since as an entrepreneur, time was a paramount issue to him. In view of this, and

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategy Development Format of JB Hi-Fi - Essay Example The company has to enhance its appeal to the target audience comprising consumers in the age group of 18-23 years and hence it has to emanate a youthful image that will ensure maximum footfall from these young, energetic individuals. The IMC strategies of JB Hi-Fi are centered on the fundamental objective that it has to draw the attention of its target audience through a lively atmosphere as well as consumer-friendly and helpful personnel that are dedicated to provide unparalleled customer delight. Moreover, the company must bank on its virtual consumer interface through an efficient website and electronic catalogues to enhance its brand awareness among customers. Other genres of media such as television, magazines, newspapers and periodicals will also be of great use in communicating the brand proposition of JB Hi-Fi and will help the company maximize its market penetration as well as brand image. JB Hi Fi is one of the largest Australian retailers of home entertainment products. Th e company offers some of the world’s most popular brands of speakers, Hi-Fi, DVDs, VCRs, car sound, cameras, home theatres, portable audios and computers. JB Hi Fi is also renowned for offering the largest range of recorded music, video games, DVD movies and DVD music. Products are available in both online store as well as traditional brick-and-mortar stores. It is revealed from the primary research that a major portion of JB customers are male. It is found that almost 67% of the customers are male.

Professional Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Professional Portfolio - Essay Example Likewise, I have designed assessment and evaluation tools such as questionnaires, interview, and survey. Aside from actual Nurse Educator experience, I also have a wide range of clinical nursing experiences, which have provided me with more depth and insights regarding my experience of Nursing as a profession, as an art, and as a science. I am currently working on my MS in Nursing Education at the ------University. I have earned my BS Nursing at ----University. I have also gained Post Graduate Certification for Public Health. In addition, I have attended various seminar-workshops to hone my nursing skills and knowledge. I have attached a copy of my CV, which shows my work experiences, educational background, and relevant personal information. I look forward to hearing from you. Respectfully yours, Curriculum Vitae Name: Address: Telephone #: Email address: Education 20—to Present Master OF Science in Nursing Education ---------- University Units Earned : ( No of Units ) School Yr B.S. Nursing -------- University School Yr Certificate of Post Graduate Training in Public Health ------- University Certifications Basic Cardiac Life Support Certification Advance Cardiac Life Support Certification IV Certification Work Experiences Year Public Health Nursing Supervisor --------Health Department Conducts researches and studies regarding health issues of the Community Coordinates with the other government agencies regarding the health issues of the community Spearheads awareness campaigns Heads the Committee involved in dissemination of information, education, and training of nurses Led fund raising activities Year Senior Psychiatric Nurse Psychiatric Hospital Middle East Conducts training seminars for the Staff Plots the schedule of the Staff nurses Coordinates with the management regarding activities and concerns relevant to the Ward Monitors and provides primary care for various psychiatric cases like schizophrenia, depression, manic-depressive psychosis, ETOH withdrawal, and other similar cases Assists in procedures such as EEG, electroconvulsive therapy and other similar therapies Participates in occupational theraphy Year Associate Professor II Institute of Health and Sciences -------- University Has Taught the following Courses:------- Serves as Thesis Adviser Member of the Committee handling the evaluation of the students Year Assistant Head Nurse University Hospital and Medical Center New York City Coordinates with Sectors of the Hospital regarding the flow of patients, the number of available beds, the need for CNAs and other similar concerns Year Nursing Supervisor Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center Plans the activities of the patients Conducts training of nurses Involves in the selection of hiring process of nursing staff Conducts seminars, training, and informal learning activities for the nurses Membership New York State Nurses Association Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing Recognition Model Nurse of th e Year Seminar- Workshops Attended Performance Appraisal System Better Teaching Through Effective Speech Communication Empowering Preceptorship Reproductive Health Care Urban Primary Health Care Health Care Delivery System in the Urban Setting Researches 1.Beliefs and Practices on Hypertension of Selected Residents of------- 2. The

Multiple Sclerosis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Multiple Sclerosis - Assignment Example The organization’s environment offers a friendly atmosphere, the shared value among all employees, which assists in easy assimilation of all levels of multiple sclerosis stages. The Jackson Center for Multiple Sclerosis has the assumption that all patients have the right to good health as upheld in the constitution. The behavioral character absorbed by the entire fraternity of employees assists their patients and families by offering openness from both parties, from the acquired information from the families and patients; offering education or furthering research is eased. This support offers a significant role in the lives of those living with multiple sclerosis and their families (Pakenham, 2007). The founders were catalyzed to this organizational culture from dissatisfaction from concern and existing services, losses encountered by patients and families in their lives’ prime resulting from multiple sclerosis. The Jackson Center for Multiple Sclerosis leads in the treatment and study of multiple sclerosis. The families a given a high priority by being offered the opportunities to share their multiple sclerosis experience with others who can identify and understand them (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2002). Gathering at this center upholds the organizational culture by ensuring a fun, positive and educational atmosphere; this is what makes it unique. The center enhances strategies to raise awareness of multiple sclerosis and bring acceptance within the society. The Jackson Center for Multiple Sclerosis organizations environment puts patients and their families first by offering individual appointments, support groups, care givers and family sessions. In conclusion, this makes the center an icon and pillar in establishing strategies underwritten in their organization culture, improving the lives of multiple sclerosis patients and their

Dickens writes Oliver Twist Essay Example for Free

Dickens writes Oliver Twist Essay Dickens creates sympathy for Oliver and the other orphans throughout the first four chapters of the book. He does this by describing in depth the neglect, mistreatment and emotions of the children. There is a strong example of this at the end of the first chapter when Dickens writes Oliver cried lustily. If he could have known that he was an orphan, left to the tender mercies of church-wardens and overseers, perhaps he would have cried the louder. Oliver suffers dearly while living in the workhouse; he is quite regularly made an example of. One of the occasions he is made an example of is when he is forced to ask for more gruel by the other orphans. For doing this he is harshly beaten by cane in front of the other children and is then imprisoned. Oliver and the other orphans were beaten both mentally and physically, neglected and starved from birth, until either leaving the workhouse as slave laborers or dieing. Oliver is terrified of Mr.Gamfield he openly shows his emotion to the whole board of the workhouse when in chapter three he falls to his knees, praying that they would order him back the room, that they would starve him, beat him, kill him. He prays for all of this rather than them send him away with Mr. Gamfield In the time of workhouses the standard of living was near to none. The unwealthy basically had no choice to but to enter a workhouse. They would work for a roof and little food. All of the people in the workhouse had to sleep on the hard floor and receive poor medical attention. Overall the living condition were appalling, Charles Dickens uses irony to create a feeling of how bad the conditions where, a good example of this is that nearly every member of staff is overweight even them giving out the tiny amount of gruel to the orphans. Dickens attempts to create a feeling of pity for the orphans, by doing this we can see that he is trying to relive poverty, stop other people from going through what he went through. Dickens somehow manages to take a subject as important as poverty and put it across by using humor, and at the same time still manages to keep that feeling of seriousness.

The Sound And The Fury By Faulkner | Analysis

The Sound And The Fury By Faulkner | Analysis William Faulkners modernist novel The Sound and the Fury is a challenge for the reader and actually it is one of the books you have to read twice in order to fully understand because it has no chronology and the use of the stream of consciousness makes it more difficult to read. The stream of consciousness refers to the recording of the flow of a characters thoughts in a fragmentary, nonlinear manner. Images and impressions suggest others through an associative process that ignores distinctions between past, present and future. (Anderson 12) Broadly, The Sound and the Fury is the story of the decline and fall of the Compson family. The novel is structured in four sections, Benjys section, Quentins section, Jasons section and an objective account which is considered by some critics to be Dilseys section. Benjy, Quentin and Jason are the Compson brothers and Dilsey is their black servant. In the first three sections the stream of consciousness is employed and the story is told in flashbacks. The fourth section has an omniscient narrator who is thought to be the author himself. Each section has a different date, the first, the third and the last sections are set around Easter in April 1928 in Jefferson and the second section in June 1910 in Harvard. After a close reading of the novel, the authors concern for the use of time and the passing of time becomes obvious. The purpose of this essay is to analyze how the time motif is employed and emphasized in William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury and how are the characters affected by time. Firstly, I will show the different ways in which the author uses time in the four sections. Secondly, I will analyze how the four main characters, namely Benjy, Quentin, Jason and Dilsey perceive time, how important time and especially the past is for them and what is their attitude towards the past. Faulkner mixes past and present in his novel and often shifts the time sequence back and forth without regard for chronological order. (Roberts 11) Faulkner uses numerous time levels in Benjys section and in fact, the reader is confused by the time shifts between present and past. However, the author in most of the cases uses italics to signal the time shifts and gives clues that point to a particular episode in the story. For instance, Luster takes care of Benjy in April 1928. Although Benjys section is dated April seventh 1928, little of the events and facts that make up the story really happen that day events of the past are constantly juxtaposed with various events in the present or some other time in the past. (Roberts 36) Faulkner has a particular style of writing and he uses linear time only in the last section. In the other three sections, the sense of time is broken and there is an emphasis on the past. This points to the fact that the author is often concerned about how muc h of the past intrudes upon the present. (Roberts 36) In Quentin and Jasons sections the reader is still confronted with the recurring time motif. If in Benjys part, clock time is almost totally disregarded (Roberts 36) in Quentins narrative clocks are very important. Quentin is obsessed with clocks and the past that haunts him. In Jasons section the flashbacks are used too, but unlike the first two sections, it combines thoughts and memories, with many indicators of objective time and space reality. (P. Anderson 199) The last section is written as a third person narrative and it is focused mainly on Dilsey, the Compsons family servant. It sheds light on the events narrated in the previous sections. In order to indicate that the past and the present are both equally important for Dilsey, the author chooses to end the novel with a linear narrative making no use of the stream of consciousness technique or flashbacks. In The Sound and the Fury, each character has a different approach to time. Benjy is a 33 years old man, but with the mental age of a 3 years old child. He is incapable to speak and to distinguish between the past, the present, and the future. His section, which opens the book, is the most intriguing because he is completely oblivious of time (Roberts 36) and he perceives things only through his senses. According to Roberts, for Benjy all time blends into one sensuous experience. He makes no distinction between an event that happened only hours ago and one that occurred years ago. (36) For instance, he waits for Caddy, his sister, to return from school in 1928 even if she left home in 1910. Benjy perceives the past only by making associations Whenever something reminds Benjy of the past, his narration jumps to that past moment. With little understanding of time, Benjy narrates his memories of the past as if they are happening in the present. (Anderson 35) For the mentally disables Be njy the concept of time does not exist. He lives in a world of his own. Quentin, whose narrative is the only one not anchored in April 1928, but in June 1910 expends all his energy trying to understand time. (Roberts 36) His section begins with the memory of his fathers comments about time When the shadow of the sash appeared on the curtains it was between seven and eight oclock and then I was in time again, hearing the watch. It was Grandfathers and when Father gave it to me he said I give you the mausoleum of all hope and desire; its rather excruciatingly apt that you will use it to gain the reducto absurdum of all human experience which can fit your individual needs no better than it fitted his or his fathers. I give it to you not that you may remember time, but that you might forget it now and then for a moment and not spend all your breath trying to conquer it. Because no battle is ever won he said. (Faulkner 89) Throughout his entire narrative he feels haunted by the past and he tries to escape from time. (Roberts 25) In a desperate try to free himself from time he breaks his watch, but it ironically continues to tick proving him that whatever he does the passing of time is unstoppable I went to the dresser and took up the watch, with the face still down. I tapped the crystal on the corner of the dresser and caught the fragments of glass in my hand and put them into the ashtray and twisted the hands off and put them in the tray. The watch ticked on. I turned the face up, the blank dial with little wheels clicking and click ing behind it, not knowing any better. (Faulkner 91) At the end of his section, Quentin committs suicide in the final attempt to escape the clicking of the clock and symbolically time. His last gesture is not made with regret, but rather with joy and a sense of freedom a quarter hour yet. And then Ill not be. The peacefullest words. The peacefullest words. (Faulkner 142) Jasons section precedes Benjys section and it is set in 6 April 1928. According to Roberts he completely denies the past; he functions only in the present. (27) Unlike Quentin, he thinks that the present is more important. However, there are moments when the past signifies something to him. For example, the moments when he remembers that he lost a position in a bank because of his sister Caddy. He is in contrast with Quentin because he does not care about his familys reputation and history therefore the past. Time is important to him, but he is the man of the present at last I found a pad on a Saint Louis bank. And of course shed pick this one time to look at it close. Well, it would have to do. I couldnt waste any more time now. (Faulkner 201) The last section is dated 8 April 1928 and it is narrated in the third person. Dilsey is the main character of this section and the only one who brings the past and the present into a proper balance. (Roberts 24) She is the only one that acknowledges the boundaries between past and present a cabinet clock ticked, then with a preliminary sound as if it had cleared its throat, struck five times. Eight oclock, Dilsey said. She ceased and tilted her head upward, listening. (Faulkner 264) She is both aware of the past and the present. She witnessed both the prosperous past of the Compson family and its fall in the present I seed the beginning, en now I sees de endin. (Faulkner 284) Dilsey is not afraid of the passing of time and she does not regard the past as a menace for her present or even for her future. In conclusion, the aim of this essay has been to analyze how William Faulkner employed the time motif and what impact has time upon the characters in his novel The Sound and the Fury. The analysis of the four sections revealed that in the first three time is not linear and there are always time shifts between the past and the present. Thus, chronology of events is totally disregarded in the first three sections and the stream of consciousness technique and flashbacks are used. On the other hand, in the last section time is linear with focus mainly on the present of the story that is April 1928. The characters Benjy, Quentin, Jason, and Dilsey are all affected by time and especially by the past but some more and others less. Benjy is unaware of the concepts of time and past and he lives in a continuous present. For Quentin the past is very important and he puts the present on a second plan. In contrast with him is his other brother, Jason, who sees the present important and gives no i mportance to the past. Unlike Quentin and Jason, Dilsey is focused both on the past and on the present.

Safety in plastic manufacturing

Safety in plastic manufacturing INTRODUCTION: Plastic manufacturing is becoming one of the most important fields in manufacturing (Makin 1987). All manufacturers are trying to reduce their cost by putting plastic into their machines or computers. Plastic Manufacturing started from producing combs and buttons till it reached different fields of production such as: automotive, medical equipments, aerospace, construction and consumer goods as well as toys and packaging. The most important threat that has been facing the advance of this technology is health and safety. Safety in plastic manufacturing is critical because you deal with different areas such as: the machinery, raw materials (generally petrochemical materials) which are mostly flammable and lately there has been environmental issues of concern arising from the manufacturing of plastics thats why It needs to be considered during the design phase of a factory before starting the manufacturing phase. With more and more automation and advanced machinery being applied to this industry, and greater application of new technologies being implemented with increased capability for providing flexibility to the process and operations, greater attention has to be given to safety. This research aims to capture what level of safety is there in plastic factories. And what it lacks for and what is needed to implement health and safety inside these factories and protect the workers and the owners of the factory in addition of comparing the cost of a safety program in a factory to the money spent in case accidents happen because of the low level of safety. The study will briefly review the impact of this industry on the environment and the importance of recycling to cut-down these impacts. Studies have been conducted in different industrial countries like: The United kingdom and The United States of America and comparing that to an industrial developing country like Saudi Arabia. KEY QUESTIONS: There are several questions to be exploded in this topic of research because as mentioned earlier safety in plastic factories is critical because it is attached to different sectors like: machinery, raw materials, and environmental issues. So the main question can be: How to implement a safe environment in a plastic factory? This main question can be specified by using the following questions: 1- What are the most common accidents and injuries that happen in plastic factories? 2- What are the reasons that cause accidents in plastic factories? 3- Why is plastic manufacturing threatening the environment? What are the solutions to reduce this risks and accidents caused by this industry? 4- How can you develop safety in plastic factories in developing countries like Saudi Arabia? AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This research will aim to capture the main reason of accidents in plastic factories and how to implement health and safety in this industry in all phases. These aims can be specified to the following: * Decreasing the risks that plastic manufacturing causes in the environment, and developing the ways to prevent pollution caused by this industry such as plastic recycling. * Cutting down the number of accidents during work by applying advanced safety plans and precautions in Saudi Arabia. * Analysing the most common accidents and their reasons and link them together statically. * Implementing computers and networks in emergency management inside and outside the factories. Generally, this study will embrace the ways of having a healthy and safe environment in plastic factories and how to reduce accidents and risk that are caused by this industry. LITERATURE REVIEW: In 1868 John Wesly Hyatt developed plastic material called celluloid he used it to substitute ivory which was becoming more expensive and difficult to obtain after improvements ,from that plastic industry was born (Bryce 1999). During the next 40-50years others began to investigate this new process and used it for manufacturing. During 1940s the plastic injection moulding industry became more popular because of the demand created for inexpensive mass produced products after the World War II. The makers of Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic called it the material of the thousand uses and used the mathematical symbol of infinity [à ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾] as a trademark (Bryce 1999). In general applying safety to your factory and keeping your workers healthy and safe does not happen by chance there are different things to be done from electrical and machinery safety to dust handling requirements for example: careful management processes, commitment throughout the organisation in addition to safety management including risk assessments, engineering controls, and emergency procedures and training. Good management processes in plastic manufacturing includes carefully evaluating raw materials and implementing controls such as containers, safe handling procedures and use of appropriate personal protective equipment, because as mentioned before plastics are petrochemical materials that must be dealt with carefully. It is always recommended to have a good communication with the raw material companies in case any information is needed. Prevention of pollution is essential too; it can be by controlling techniques for emission such as optimising processing conditions for h andling and mixing dry additives and storing of these materials. Health and safety associations such as Health and Safety Executive (HSE) work to improve safety in a wide variety of sectors in this industry. Firstly, machines new or old should comply with its regulations and meet the requirements needed. About the workers; government regulations in Europe and North America require that operators be protected from moving parts of machinery, while machinery parts that require a tool to open must be opened by trained personnel following appropriate safety procedures (British Plastic Federation 2009; Health and Safety Executive 2009). To avoid hand injury which is almost 25-50% of the total injuries in this industry according to the HSE statistics survey, robots and automation are implemented to protect workers from injury during manual handling although it is difficult to eliminate manual handling but they are trying to cut it down. Safety of using these robots should be encountered too because there are not reliable and safe 100%.There are several accidents reported from using robots and automation, the first robot fatality occurred in Japan in 1981 the robot stabbed an employee to death the employee didnt use the safeguards (Makin 1987). Nearly 80 accidents in blow moulding factories were investigated by inspectors from HSE during 1986-1996.It was found that 50% of these accidents happen because inadequate or damaged safe guarding about another 25% were because of defeated safeguards (Health and Safety 2009). To avoid these kinds of accidents it is recommended to: provide the right safer guarding and check it is kept in the position and working effectively. Plastics are created by refining common petroleum products the most common are crude oil and natural gas. Fire in plastics manufacturing may generate black acrid smoke and poisonous gases including carbon monoxide. The fires may spread quickly and be difficult to extinguish. Sources of ignition should be controlled by prohibiting smoking and hot work in high risk areas. A key to safe operation is safety awareness and putting safety as a priority at all levels, from the operator to the manager. Mr.Seeberg the safety director at Clariant says that workers will notice if their site manager or supervisor is only concerned with the output or is also concerned with safety (Science Direct 2009). Before safety training can be effective, top management must show a clear commitment and interest in safety. Some managers say that their major concern is that they do not have the resources to have a full time safety person in this case they can rent a safety supervisor in-order to reduce the cost. In general the employers duties can be summarised in: * Making the workplace safe without risks to health. * Ensuring the plant and machinery are safe and that systems of work are set and followed. * Giving the information instructions, training and supervision necessary for health and safety. The successful implementation of management system for both occupational health and safety and return to work programmes will result in positive change in business and safety cultures in the industry and there will be a considerable opportunity to reduce costs in manufacturing. The plastic industry faced a lot of threats in its beginning a lot of people tried to link it with cancer. The waste and littering caused by plastic products in the world especially in sea shores (Meikle 1995).Plastic bags are light weight and moisture resistant meaning that it can float in air and water easily and travel long distances. Every year more than six million tons of trash is dumped into seas and oceans more than 80% are plastic like plastic bags and bottles. Sea creatures eat the plastic thinking it was food which can cause their death, some blamed plastic bags for the death of kids by suffocation too (Clean Up 2009). To avoid plastic waste and cut from its effects high fines are applied now; in the USA the cruise ship Royal Princess was fined  £311,000 for dumping 20 bags of garbage overboard( British Plastic Federation 2009). In-order to face these threats plastic associations are implementing recycling in every home so the impacts of this manufacturing can be prevented. Most of the plastics can be recycled and has its own way of recycling, thats why in the bottom of every plastic product you can find the initials for its name and type like PP for polypropylene and HDPE for high density polyethylene as shown below in Figure(1). In the UK five million tonnes of plastic are used annually only 19% is getting recycled but it is planned to reach 25%by 2010.There are a lot of benefits from recycling plastic, to sum it up we can say: less used plastic, less oil used for plastic production and less energy consumed which will affect the plastic industry positively. REASEARCH METHOD: In this part I will introduce the methods used in this study and explain the techniques used and where this research fit into. Generally this research is a combination of both methods; quantitative and qualitative which is also known as the mixed method. Firstly, the quantitative method which mostly deals with numerical data to develop theories and hypothesis (Creswell 2003). In-order to obtain information to develop the safety in plastic factories we are going to design questionnaires and surveys to seek answers for a couple of question that will help us fill the gap. Some of these questions are open-ended and that is where the qualitative method combines. Secondly the qualitative method is a method of inquiry used for different scientific and academic fields, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research (Creswell 2003). It also investigates how and when a decision can be made we will make some interviews with workers, factory managers, and people from health and safety organizations. Usually in social sciences quantitative research is contrasted with qualitative for the purpose of discovering meaning and models of relationships. Although when it comes to their aspects of scientific investigation there is a difference (Creswell 2003), it is said that both are attached and help each other as Kuhn (1961:152) says large amounts of qualitative work usually been prerequisite to fruitful quantification in the physical sciences. Qualitative research is used to explore a phenomenon and form theories then we can test these theories by using quantitative research. In this research in-order to obtain useful information that can help in applying health and safety in plastic factories and have a safe environment, we will have around 200 questionnaires distrubted to different types of people who in this industry such as: workers, engineers, managers, etc. There will be interviews with people from health and safety organisations in the UK, like the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the Plastic Processors Health and Safety Liaison Committee (PPHSLC). Also there will be four factories from Saudi Arabia as case study and compare the safety of these factories to the safety requirements in the UK and try to develop the safety there to the same level in the UK. All the data taken from the questioners, survey, and interviews will be analysed by using SPSS to determine the relationships by manipulating factors thought to influence safety in plastic manufacturing. There are several studies done before in how plastic manufacturing is effecting the enviro nment we will see where these studies reached and modify their approaches. TIMETABLE: TASK DURATION Proposal Preparation 18Nov-1 Dec Literature Review 1Dec-1 March Fieldwork 1Feb-15 March Data Analysis 15 March-22 March Presentation 22 March-1 April Final Report 1 April-30 April CONCLUSION: As a conclusion for this study we will find the gaps in safety in plastic manufacturing and help having a safe environment by developing safety procedures and observe the threats that are effecting the environment. Also, the safety in plastic factories in Saudi Arabia will be studied, and determine what it lacks for and how can it be developed to reach the appropriate level of safety. As all studies in this field this study benefited from the relevance of previous researches and assumptions of many experts. The analysis of the data and surveys will show how much people are concerned about safety. Hope this study cans be effective in the development of safety in plastic manufacturing and helps other researches in the future in this topic to obtain what safety in plastic factories lacks. REFERENCES: British Plastic Federation (2009), Health and Safety [online] available from [21 November 2009] Bryce, Douglas M. (1999) Plastic Injection Moulding. Clean Up Australia Ltd (2009) Plastic Recycling Fact Sheet [online] available from [22 November 2009] Creswell, J.W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Cross Plastics (2008) Domestic Recycling Symbols [online] available from [30 November 2009] Health and Safety Executive (2009) [online] available from [17 November 2009] Meikle, Jeffry I. (1995) American Plastic a Cultural History. Kuhn, T. (1961) The Function of Measurement in Modern Physical Science Makin, P. (1987) Safety in Advanced Manufacturing, Journal of Proceeding of the Advanced Manufacturing international seminar 14,(1) 1-4 Markarian, J. (2008) Worker Health And Safety in Plastics Compounding. Journal of Plastic Additives and Compounding [online] 10,(1) 26-29.Available from [28 November 2009]

Social Changes: Body And Helath (IN SPANISH) :: essays research papers

Cambio Social: Cuerpo y Salud Aà ±os atrà ¡s, una persona saludable era una persona "rellenita", con las mejillas coloradas y feliz. Hoy en dà ­a, sin embargo, sabemos que ser gordo no es bueno y puede traer consigo muchos problemas. De todas formas muchas personas no se conforman con mantener un peso normal y constante sino que viven haciendo dietas, ejercicios, etcà ©tera, hasta llegar a situaciones muy peligrosas como la anorexia o la bulimia.  ¿Por quà © ocurre esto? Esto es lo que voy a intentar analizar a continuacià ³n para demostrar que situaciones asà ­, ocurren, en gran medida por culpa de la sociedad, de la forma que veremos mà ¡s adelante. En cualquier trabajo, especialmente en aquellos en los que se debe interactuar con otras personas, clientes, por ejemplo, se pide junto con el currà ­culum para la postulacià ³n adjuntar una fotografà ­a del postulante. De esta forma se le da preferencia a una persona con mejor apariencia fà ­sica sobre otra que tal vez no tiene un bello fà ­sico, pero muchas veces tiene un mejor currà ­culum o mà ¡s experiencia. Otro caso que podemos citar es el de la alta costura: grandes diseà ±adores crean ropa de tallas increà ­blemente pequeà ±as que sà ³lo pueden usar modelos extremadamente delgados, muy pà ¡lidos y que dan la impresià ³n de estar a punto de desmayarse. Asà ­, se crea un patrà ³n poco o nada de saludable que ademà ¡s, es seguido por muchà ­simas personas, en el caso del modelaje, adolescentes (muchas veces sin criterio formado) que buscan adaptarse a à ©ste sin importar las consecuencias fà ­sicas o psicolà ³gicas que pueda traerle. En el caso de las bailarinas o atletas, muchas de à ©stas llegan al extremo de convertirse en anorà ©xicas, la mayorà ­a de las veces debido a que sus entrenadores o profesores son demasiado exigentes controlando en exceso la vida de los atletas e incluso humillà ¡ndolos en pà ºblico si sobrepasan el peso là ­mite, necesario para mantenerse competitivos. En el caso de las mujeres la situacià ³n se agrava aà ºn mà ¡s. La promocià ³n profesional es mucho mà ¡s asequible para las delgadas que para las que no lo son. Como podemos ver, la presià ³n social sobre las mujeres es mucho mà ¡s acentuada "ha podido tambià ©n verificarse que las mujeres mà ¡s emprendedoras y social y laboralmente activas son las que prefieren un cuerpo delgado y a las mà ¡s voluminosas se les atribuye funciones de madre, esposa.

Migrant Workers in China Essay -- Chinese Migrant Workers

Chen Hong Xia is one of the 250 million migrants in China’s growing economy. These migrant workers are the people who support China’s whole economy, without them China will not be where it is now. Although they are crucial in China’s growth, migrant workers are treated with disrespect. Chen Hong Xia is one of the ‘luckier’ migrant workers. She was able to work her way out of poverty into a better future. There are many similarities between Chen Hong Xia and most migrants in China, but there are also many differences. These include their expectations, working environment, living environment and children. Like many of the migrant workers in China, Chen Hong Xia wanted a better future in the city and find a job with good working conditions and high wages. Chen Hong Xia comes from a small town in Shandong province, she grew up on a farm producing rice and corn. Although there were many job opportunities in Shan Dong province, all the jobs were agricultural jobs that offered low pay and required lots of physical activity. In the movie Last Train Home directed by Lixin Fan, Qin left Sichuan Province and went to Dong Guan city because she wanted more money and be able to pursue her dreams. Many of China’s younger generation of migrant workers are abandoning agricultural production and moving permanently to the city. (Zhou Jing, China’s New Generation Of Migrant Workers) They are refusing to work under hard conditions. Unlike the previous generation they never experienced the â€Å"bitterness of life†. In the past migrant workers were thankful to just have food, todayâ €™s migrants start being picky, expecting high salary, less physical jobs, basic benefits and better working conditions. (Michelle Loyalka, Chinese Labor, Cheap No More) Zhou Ji... .... 2014. Chang, Leslie T. "US Misses Full Truth On China Factory Workers." CNN.com. Cable News Network, 1 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Connor, Neil. "Beijing's 'Rat Tribe' Scurry From High Costs Underground." Yahoo.com. Yahoo.com, 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Fan, Lixin, dir. Last Train Home. EyeSteelFilm, 2009. Film. Gapper, John. "China's Migrant Workers Expect More." Ft.com. Financial Times, 7 Sept. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Grindley, Sally. Spilled Water. New York: Bloomsbury, 2004. Print. Hays, Jeffery. "Migrant Workers in China." Factsanddetails.com. Factsanddetails.com, Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014 Jing, Zhou. "China's New Generation of Migrant Workers." China.org.cn. China.org.cn, 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Loyalka, Michelle D. "Chinese Labor, Cheap No More." Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 17 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.

Perceptions of California

California is a well-known and acknowledged state of the US and had a long history that affected many people ranging from the European explorations where they came in contact with Native Americans. The American domestic policies that had a profound effect on their future existence on Earth to the Japanese internment camps where hundreds of thousand Japanese Americans lost their homes. There are other events that affected people's perception:The Mexican- American War for the conquest of California, the California Gold Rush, history of slavery in California, and many more.It is not just the history that affected people's perception, but what is portrayed in the media and entertainment industry. TV shows like Beverly Hills: 90210, The O. C. , etc. Different people have different perceptions about California, even Californians have varied opinions due to the incidences that happened in the state. It has changed how they see themselves in the state, how they think the state sees them, and also how their life in California affected their identity. In the essay â€Å"Invisible Men† by William Langewiesche, he talks about life as an illegal immigrant.The illegal immigrats didn't have the opportunity to come legally or for the luxuries, they came to the US to make a better life and to help their family back home. Some immigrants might think once they get across, they get to live like they deserve. But when they actually do cross, it's not what they expected. They cross the border finding out California is a hell hole and is insanely hard to become successful. They find out that they're not wanted by the natives living in the state, they have to live as vermin cowering in the dirt, hiding from the predators known as the border patrol.They have to scavenge for jobs to make ends meet. â€Å"Living in twilight lives camped out beneath freeway underpasses and deep inside barely accessible canyons, a few thousand undocumented laborers hide out from the U. S. Border Pa trol by night while seeking-minimum-wage work by day. † (130). The American people see the illegal immigrants as parasites leeching from Americans, taking jobs from the American people for less pay because they are desperate to find better employment opportunities.They would get low-paying jobs (usually two dollars an hour), and that's still better then what they would receive in their homeland. What American would be willing to work for two dollars an hour as a janitor or maid? Not many. In the essay farmers would hire illegal immigrants just because they would work for less and are essential for their survival. â€Å"Most of the remaining farms in San Diego County are just such family operations, unable to survive without illegal workers. † (137). â€Å"The small farmers are not necessarily bad people, but they lack the economies of scale.Rather than comply with burdensome regulations pertaining to the living conditions of farm workers (whether illegal immigrants or not), they have simply dropped out of the system† (137). The main goal of the illegal immigrants in California is to survive. They don't look like they have any goals of living in a huge house with luxuries. Their main priority is trying to support their family in Mexico, avoid the border patrol, and having enough money to survive. â€Å"They were paid by check every 2 weeks, and if they did earned about nine thousand dollars a year, of which they might mail six thousand dollars to their families in Mexico. (138). In the essay â€Å"The World of Our Grandmothers† by Connie Young Yu, she talked about what life was like as a Chinese immigrant. No doubt, both minority groups had it rough in America and even though they were both treated as inferior beings, they would still rather live in America than their home country. They both found living in California as a constant struggle for survival. Unlike immigrants from Mexico, Chinese immigrants were allowed to go to the U. S . But they had to go through physical examinations and interrogations to determine their right to live in the U.S. Also before Chinese immigrants were accepted by the U. S. In the 1800s. The population was growing so much and the immigrants who kept coming in are unskilled workers that work for less. It made the American's attitudes become negative and hostile against the Chinese. In the essay she would talk about her grandpa trying to escape from a group of whites who tried to stone him, he ran so fast that he lost his hat. Life was more difficult as a Chinese immigrant because they would get murdered or assaulted by whites. Such unprovoked assaults upon unoffending Chinamen are not a rare occurrence†¦ † (P101). Females would be sold into slavery by their desperate parents. â€Å"Females are a little better than slaves, they are looked upon as merchantable property , and are bought and sold like any other article or property. † (P. 101). Some would rather stay in China and be killed during infancy than be born in the U. S. Later they made acts like the Chinese Exclusion Act where they cut down the ratio of Chinese men and women, which made the population drop dramatically.Mexican immigrants who got their citizenship got to stay in the U. S. but for Chinese immigrants they would lose their U. S. Citizenship because of the exclusion acts. Some acts would make any U. S. born woman who married to a man â€Å"ineligible for citizenship†. They would have to give up their birthright and be deported back to China. Both Mexican and Chinese immigrants had it difficult because of the time they came to the U. S. and how they got there. For the Chinese they came in the 1800s where slavery was still allowed and people were closed minded back then.Some Mexican immigrants got into the America by crossing the border illegally, So they had to now avoid the border patrol and try to get a decent job with their status. They made it hard on themselves. How ever, the Japanese started immigrating to America during the mid 1900s where they they had easier than they Mexicans and the Chinese, because slavery was abolished by then and many other things that were factored in. But they had a cruel twist of fate, where their home country attack Pearl Harbor during World War II.It caused paranoia all over America and resulted in the containment of all Japanese Americans. In Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston essay, â€Å"Manzanar, U. S. A. † It talks about life as a Japanese American during World War II. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were rounded up and sent to detention camps. Life in the camps wasn't hard at all, they had swimming pools, schools, boy scouts, churches, etc. They did not try to rebel against the camps they just went with the flow.They went by the phrase â€Å"Shikata ga nai† which meant â€Å"It cannot be helped, It must be done† They had the mentality of going with the fl ow. Life wasn't difficult in the camps, everybody worked together and made it a perfect little community. By comparison, life was easier for the Japanese then the Chinese and the Mexican Immigrants because even though the Japanese Americans lost their homes, they were given reparations of $20,000 and an apology. They did not have to hid from the border patrol or get deported back to their country.There are many events that happened in California. People perceptions of California solely depends on what they experienced in the state. It shapes how they think and how they are. Mexican and Chinese Immigrants see California as a hellhole, where you are basically the scum of the earth. Survival was the main goal they were trying to achieve. However the Japanese lived easy lives until the bombing of Pearl Harbor. But even though they were rounded up and sent to camps, they still went with the flow. They knew it had to be done.

Open-Economy Macroeconomics Notes

Ch28 â€Å"Open-Economy Macroeconomics† FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Imports ? goods and services produced abroad and consumed domestically Exports ? goods and services produced domestically and purchased by foreigners Net exports ? defined as exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services Net foreign investment ? counterpart of net exports Denotes net US savings abroad and is approximately equal to the value of net exports ? ? ? appreciation in the exchange rate and a corresponding decline in net exports; monetary easing does the opposite. The impact of changes in interest rates on net exports reinforces the impact on domestic investment In a full-employment closed economy (always holding other things constant), higher government spending, lower taxes, or lower desired private saving will raise the real interest rate and lower equilibrium saving and investment net exports are determined by the difference between national saving and national investment, which is determined by domestic factors plus the world interest rate changes in exchange rates ? re the mechanism by which saving and investment adjust Domestic expenditures ? equal to consumption plus domestic investment plus government purchases Examples of open-economy saving-investment theory in the small open economy an increase in private saving or lower government spending will increase national saving; this will lead to a depreciation of the exchange rate until net exports have increased enough to balance the increase in domestic saving an increase in domestic investment, say, because of an improved business climate or a burst of innovations, will lead to a shift in the investment schedule; this will lead to an appreciation of the exchange rate until net exports decline enough to balance saving and investment. In this case, domestic investment crowds out foreign investment an increase in world interest rates will reduce the level of investment. This will lead to an ncrease in the difference between saving and investment, to a depreciation in the foreign exchange rate, and to an increase in net exports and foreign investment (this would be a shift along the investment schedule) integration of a country into the world economy adds an important new dimension to macroeconomic performance and policy o the foreign sector provides an important source of domestic investment and a potential outlet for domestic saving o higher saving at home— whether in the form of higher private saving or higher public saving will lead to higher net exports o a country’s trade balance is primarily a reflection of its national saving and investment balance rather than of its absolute productivity or wealth ? The volume and value of imports will be affected by domestic output and the relative prices of domestic and foreign goods – Marginal propensity to import ? the increase in the dollar value of imports for each $1 increase in GDP ? Because a fraction of any income leaks into imports in an open economy, the open-economy multiplier is smaller than the multiplier for a closed economy. OPEN ECONOMY Multiplier = 1/ (MPS + MPm) Where MPS = marginal propensity to save and MPm = marginal propensity to import ? ? – Real exchange rate ? corrects for movements in the price levels in different countries Overvalued currency ? one whose value is high relative to its long-run or sustainable level High mobility of financial capital ? hen financial investments can flow easily among countries and the regulatory barriers to financial investments are low ? Foreign trade produces a new and powerful link in the monetary transmission mechanism when a country has a flexible exchange rate. When m onetary policy changes interest rates, this affects exchange rates and net exports as well as domestic investment. Monetary tightening leads to an ? o o adjustments in a country’s trade accounts require a change in domestic saving or investment in the long run, adjustments in trade accounts will be brought about by movements in the country’s relative prices, often through exchange-rate changes ptimal currency area ? one whose regions have high labor mobility or have common and synchronous aggregate supply or demand shocks. In an optimal currency area, significant changes in exchange rates are not necessary to ensure rapid macroeconomic adjustment European Monetary Union ? one of history’s great economic experiments. Never before has such a large and powerful group of countries turned its economic fortunes over to a multinational body like the European Central Bank. Never before has a central bank been charged with the macroeconomic fortunes of a large group of n ations with 325 million people producing $16 trillion of goods and services. While optimists point to the microeconomic benefits of a larger market and lower transactions costs, pessimists worry that monetary union threatens stagnation and unemployment because of the lack of price and wage flexibility and insufficient labor mobility among countries. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 is the first major test of this new monetary system. Stable macroeconomic climate ? taxes are reasonable and predictable and that inflation is low, so lenders need not worry about inflation confiscating their investments ? promoting economic growth in an open economy involves ensuring that business is attractive for foreign and domestic investors who have a wide array of investment opportunities in the world economy. The ultimate goals of policy are to have high rates of saving and investment in productive channels and to ensure that businesses use bestpractice techniques. Achieving these goals involves setting a stable macroeconomic climate, guaranteeing dependable property rights for both tangible investments and intellectual property, providing exchange-rate convertibility that allows investors to take home their profits, and maintaining confidence in the political and economic stability of the country Success for the countries of North America and Western Europe: robust economic performance o rapid and sustained economic growth emerging monetary system o conduct independent monetary policies with flexible exchange rates, while smaller countries either float or have â€Å"hard† fixed exchange rates tied to one of the major blocks reemergence of free markets Competitiveness ? refers to the extent to which a nation’s goods can compete in the marketplace; this depends primarily upon the relative prices of domestic and foreign products Productivity ? easured by the output per unit of input, fundamental to the growth of living standards in a nation; to a first approximation, a nation’s real income grows in step with its productivity growth ? conclusion on productivity and competitiveness ? as the theory of comparative advantage demonstrates, nations are not inherently uncompetitive. Rather, they become uncompetitive when their prices move out of line with those of their trading partners. The surest route to high productivity and high living standards is to expose domestic industries to world markets and to encourage vigorous domestic competition with foreign companies that have adopted the most advanced technologies –

Compare Education System Between the United Kingdom and Kurdistan Essay

One of the most important points for the development of society is education. Nowadays many countries try to develop the Education by there own rules, but this development process is intended for the System. This system varies from one country to the other. This essay demonstrates the educational system in Kurdistan and the United Kingdom, also marking aspects of differences and similarities between both of system. Main Body: Kurdistan, also known as the Kurdistan Region or Southern Kurdistan, is an autonomous region of northeastern Iraq (1). It’s still part of Iraq but they have many differences in Languages, clothes, culture and education system. So comparing the Kurdistan’s educational system with British educational showed some similarity and differences in some side. Both English and Kurdish schools are similar in having state and private schools. Also, students in both countries have to take exams to enter University. Then, Britain and Kurdistan are similar in that their school start in September and finish in July. Although, in advance primary school finishes earlier than secondary and high school in Kurdistan British children have to attend school from the age of 5 to 15. On the other hand, Kurdish children attend school from the age 6 to 18. The school time in Kurdistan and England are different in that student in Kurdistan school day start from Saturday to Thursday. Whereas, the English school start from Monday to Friday. Kurdish schools have two terms in year; in contrast the English school has a three terms a year. There are 2 time shift in Kurdish schools Morning start 08:00 to 11:40am, and evening start 12:30 to 04:15pm. However, in English schools there is one shift starts 09:00 to 03:30pm. There is no high school level in Britain; in contrast the Kurdish student goes to high school after passing in primary school. Conclusion: Finally, there are many differences between British educational and Kurdish educational system in school times, school ages, school days and school levels. Then some similarities have private and state school in both countries, and take exams to enter University. So both systems are created to be coordinated with the culture of each country.

On the Waterfront Essay

Kazan does not only use Terry Malloy by establishing him a hero in On the Waterfront to value individual conscience or moral growth above community loyalty or sense of obligation, but also other characters like Edie and Father Barry. Unlike Terry, who has to gain individual conscience, Edie and Father Barry have never been really closely connected to the community, which allows them individual conscience. Their supporting role of Terry’s moral growth is used by Kazan to praise individual conscience, as it also liberates the waterfront. It should not be mistaken that Kazan does support individual conscience in the deaths of Charley and Dugan who had to die for the possession of a sense of justice. Their deaths were portrayed by Kazan as a type of martyrdom and also had a great impact on Terry, which resulted in his portrayal as a hero. Edie Doyle and Father Barry epitomise individual conscience, which Kazan attributes to how they are outsiders and allows this value to waver as both of them become more involved with actions of disruption and protest against the corrupt union on the waterfront. Father Barry was a â€Å"saint [who] hid in the church† believing that â€Å"time and faith were great healers†. It was Edie’s sense of justice which pushed Father Barry out of his passive role to work for social justice, as she bitingly scorned Father Barry’s inability with a close up used so that viewers can tangibly feel her resentment, when Joey had just been pushed off the roof of the tenement. Father Barry had transformed from being a â€Å"potato eater† (demeaning label of an Irish Catholic simpleton), to risk being â€Å"shipped off to Abyssinia† (a pun perhaps as the abyss is death) to break the mob’s corrupt grip on the waterfront. The attack on the church did not faze Father Barry despite the alarming clatter of baseball bats on the pavement and heads being using like baseballs, when the church was under attack by the union. Father Barry’s individual conscience grew as he firmly believed that â€Å"these people (the community) needed help†. This as well as going â€Å"right down to the wire† for Dugan, acted as a catalyst for Father Barry’s growth in individual conscience, which had made him a hero in his own right as he had to triumph over his own inhibitions and the conservative restrictions of and expectations of his role from the church. Edie unlike Father Barry, had already possessed individual conscience (she had contributed to Father Barry’s growth to provide justice), but she like Father Barry refrained from perpetually seeking an end to the corruption on the waterfront. Father Barry had sought to back Dugan as he talked to the crime commissioners so that they could charge the union of corruption, yet when Dugan died from an apparent ‘accident’ Father Barry shied away from taking an active role, preferring to be passive in his involvement, as seen when Terry came to ask for advice of whether he should go testify against the union where Father Barry in a bitter tone said that Terry’s â€Å"own conscience has got to do the asking†. This may suggest Father Barry’s guilt in pushing Dugan to take action which resulted in his death. Edie also refrained from the active role she had taken to find Joey’s killer and unknowingly fighting against the corrupt union, when she realised she loved Terry. Thus not wanting him to die but to â€Å"come to the country, where there is no Johnny Friendly†, who controlled the union, and threatened his life. She may have been trying to protect Terry but she did not consider the impact on those who work on the waterfront, including her own father, Pop Doyle, who would continue to be exploited by the union, thus perhaps compromising her morals to an extent. Unlike Terry, Father Barry and Edie were not empowered to stop the corruption of the union on the waterfront. It is in Father Barry and Edie’s inability to stop corruption that establishes Terry as the hero through his moral growth to individual conscience. Ultimately it is his triumph over the corrupt union to show that individual conscience is valued over community value, when comparing his moral growth to Father Barry and Edie’s. Kazan allowed the audience to follow Terry’s tumultuous moral growth allowing strong connection to form between the bodies. It was loss of Joey that had begun the transformation process that had reignited his bitterness for purposely losing in a boxing final to fulfil Johnny Friendly’s bet. Terry’s relationship with Edie had also contributed to his growth of moral conscience as an individual, as Terry wanted to protect as he confessed she was â€Å"the first nice thing that has ever happened to me† to Father Barry when he was seeking to know whether he should confess to the crime commission about Joey’s death. Father Barry had also encouraged Terry to be truthful to himself to develop individual conscience, allowing Terry to admit he was being used by Johnny Friendly (â€Å"it’s do it or else† when it comes to a favour from Friendly). Terry would not have been a hero with individual conscience if he had not the support from Edie and Father Barry. Terry had to struggle against community loyalty to achieve individual conscience. Kazan uses this struggle to humanise the character making him heroic. Terry had always been â€Å"one of theirs† or part of the union as he was the â€Å"brother of Charlie the Gent†, he was in a sense also an outsider like Edie and Father Barry from the workers of Hoboken on the docks yet he was driven by self-preservation, which led him to adopt the â€Å"D ‘n D† or Deaf and Dumb creed (not speaking up against anything the union did – keeping silent) from the dock workers, which inextricably created a superficial community loyalty as they shared the view that their â€Å"life was not worth a nickel†. It was Charlie’s death that had led to Terry going against community loyalty, as Charlie was his brother and shared a strong connection with each other. Charlie had looked out for Terry as he had sacrificed himself knowing â€Å"10 to 1 they (Johnny Friendly) won’t believe me†. This portrayed Terry as the tragic hero eliciting the sympathy of the audience who will celebrate as Terry topples Johnny Friendly’s position of power, as he stumbled battle worn after violently grappling with Friendly into the warehouse to take his position as the new spiritual leader of the workers, with trumpets in the soundtrack heralding his triumph. His growth to individual conscience had led to Terry’s redemption of Joey and Charlie’s death. Community loyalty would not have achieved this. Kazan valued individual conscience in Edie and Father Barry, but through them has shown that though it may motivate them to defeat corruption they may not be empowered to take action. It is through Terry that Kazan strongly values individual conscience by establishing him as an enduring hero, who had to undergo transformation and go against community loyalty, but also needed support to uproot Johnny Friendly and his corruption.

Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six

Descartes talked about the true and the false, and how we make mistakes in Meditation Four. Descartes believed that error as such is not something real that depends upon God, but rather is merely a defect. And thus there is no need to account for my errors by positing a faculty given to me by God for this purpose(546). He thought that the reason why we make mistakes is that the faculty of judging the truth, which we got from God, is not infinite(546). When Descartes focused more closely on more closely on himself and inquired into the nature of his errors, he noted that errors depend on the simultaneous concurrence of two causes: intellect and will(547). He didn’t believe that God ought to have given us a greater faculty of knowing than he did(547). So we cannot make no mistakes like God. Then Descartes raised a question that can he complain that the will or free choice he have received from God is insufficiently ample or perfect(547). After using paragraphs talking about it, Descartes perceived that the power of willing is not the cause of his errors, for it is most ample as well as perfect in its kind(548). This idea is similar to Augustine’s ides in On Free Choice of the Will. Then he thought if he held off from making a judgment when he do not perceive what is true with sufficient clarity and distinctness, it is cleat that he was acting properly and not committing an error(548). In the end, he said he would indeed attain it if only he paid enough attention to all the things that he perfectly understand, and separate them off from the rest, which he apprehended more confusedly and more obscurely(549). Descartes talked about the essence of material things and prove that God exists again. Descartes said that it is obvious that whatever is true is something, and he have already demonstrated at some length that all that he know clearly is true(550). Then he thought that it is obvious to anyone who pays close attention that existence can no more be separated from God’s essence than its having three angles equal to two right angles can be separated from the essence of a triangle(551). So existent belongs to the essence of God. Descartes can no more think of God as not existing than he can think of mountain without a valley(550). Actually, I do really agree with Descartes’ prove process, even if I do not agree with some of his conclusion. I think the way he prove things is rational and logical. He thought we should raise some ideas which he has no doubt about it. Then he use them to prove things. It just like what Euclid did in Elements. Raise some Axioms first, then use them to prove all others and build the whole system. Elements presents them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference(3). But the key point to get a true conclusion and build a logical system is to find the correct Axioms or foundations. I have to say that Axioms or foundations changes because of the religion and the development of science. For example, the Axioms of the theory of relativity are different from the classical physics’ Axioms because human know more about the nature. Descartes thought that necessary existence belongs to the essence of God in Meditation Five, and take it as a foundation. But there must be someone does not think so. He thought that because of his brief. But someone may not believe in God. I think Axioms or foundations might be various depends on individual difference and timed difference. But I think if you can raise your own Axioms or foundations build a logical system and make sense, it well be good for sure. We cannot get the truth straightly, it just like we climb up cockle stairs. And all Axioms and foundations and knowledge systems which are built by different foundations does contribute to achieving the truth. Without the old foundations and the system built by them, we cannot have new recognizing and raise new foundations to build new system and approach the truth.

Modern Middle East Paper on Samuel P. Huntingtons The Clash of Essay

Modern Middle East Paper on Samuel P. Huntingtons The Clash of Civilizations of the Coming of the New World Order and Edward W. Saids article, The Clash of Ignorance in The Nation magazine - Essay Example ological, geo-political and economic conflicts were carried out on the European stage, the end of the Cold War has changed the dynamics and motivations of international conflicts. In the prevailing world order, the fight for supremacy in the realms of ideology, material wealth and territorial conquest have become secondary to the assertion of ‘civilizations’. Civilization as a term in historical discourse can be difficult to define, but Huntington narrows down the scope of this term. According to the author, of all the constituent elements that comprise a particular civilization, its identification with religion, ethnicity and culture form the core. A civilization’s affiliation with these elements is more enduring and resistant to change than its propensity for change, say, in the economic and ideological domains. Huntington correctly points out that in the hundred years before the end of Cold War there have been radical transformations from monarchy to communism to democracy, from liberal capitalism to stringent economic protectionism, and vice versa across the globe. Not only have there been numerous instances of such changes but have also oscillated from one extreme to another. Amid all this churning, the only abstract conception with which peoples in different parts of the world could identify with is their ‘civilization’. The author goes on to identify eight major civilizations in the new world order. These include â€Å"Western, Confucian, and Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American and possibly African civilization. The most important conflicts of the future will occur along the cultural fault lines separating these civilizations from one another†. (Huntington, 1997, p.157) The author further adds that while distinct fault lines are evident between every pairing of these civilizations, the friction is no where greater than between the Western and Islamic blocs. For, barring few minor variations, the existing

Wellness Center. Sunnyside Wellness Center Inc Essay

Wellness Center. Sunnyside Wellness Center Inc - Essay Example These services will give the firm a competitive edge over what the others in this industry have to offer. The demand for organic cooking classes is on the rise. â€Å"Recent surveys indicate that the demand is so strong that supply is not able to keep up with it† (Stith, 2011). The company will be a full service 24 hour facility with state of the art equipment, personal training, spa, sauna cooking classes, and class connection via internet. The customers will have the ability to not only take our organic cooking classes live, but also via the internet. Mission Statement The mission of the company is to focus on individual health and well being while increasing the knowledge of organic nutrition to achieve rejuvenation of the mind body and spirit. The firm’s objective is to be recognized as an alternative health and fitness solution resource for families, businesses, and individuals. The idea is to eventually spread into a franchise opportunity where others will have a chance to benefit from the pro-type business. Upon review of the competition no one is currently offering the service of organic cooking classes live or via internet. Introduction Sunnyside will offer new and innovating services which will educate and empower our consumers. In addition our consumers will experience the ultimate rejuvenation services through a combination of medical massage therapy in our state of the art sauna and spa rooms. This new way of servicing consumers in the fitness industry was born out of the ideal to addresses a need and want, and impact health issues in a positive way. New services are created to address the needs of society. The purpose of this business project is to establish a facility that concentrates on fitness and nutrition concerns for everyday people. In addition providing essentials for a healthy body, both on the inside and the outside, using natural methods that are chemical-free and allow the consumer to take responsibility for their health . This is a viable business opportunity because it utilizes the key foundational factors of health and fitness. In 2010 the health and fitness industry in the United States generated $24.23 billion (Ibisworld, 2011). Sunnyside Wellness & Spa Centers (SWSC) competitive edge will be the new and dynamic organic cooking classes within its facilities in addition to the sauna & spa. This venture will be successful because it addresses the nutritional and physical concerns that many consumers have. â€Å"Public and private organizations have mounted ongoing efforts to change Americans behavior toward nutrition and exercise† (Fatworld). The other similar businesses in the greater Chicagoland area currently do not offer nutritional instruction along with fitness programs, sauna/spa, and workout equipment. A full service health and wellness center with an equal emphasis on healthy cooking & eating will be a positive impact on society. The firm expects to see a significant impact the fi rst year; the sales projections for the first year are over 3 million dollars. This information is contained in the sales forecast. The target market of the enterprise are  males, females, either  single and/or with families in the greater Chicagoland area. The first task is to convince consumers of the benefits of enrolling in an organic cooking class along with the fitness programs. This will be accomplished by aggressively pursuing interaction and relationships with individuals who would profit from using this new service. Once a strong image is established, Sunnyside Wellness

Customized vs Off Shelf Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customized vs Off Shelf Software - Essay Example It has numerous in-built databases and features, more than could be needed. Upgrades could be provided free or at subsidized cost. Even so, this software requires constant upgrading. Furthermore, it provides little flexibility because of the inability to control its source code (Cook, 2007). As such, it could fail to be compatible with the organizational goals, hence forcing the organization to change its processes. On the other hand, customized software attracts high initial cost. Just as off-the-shelf software, it is also associated with future cost, but in this, for alterations made to the software. Nonetheless, Cook (2007) observes that it provides the option of starting with the minimum critical requirements and later upgrading to encompass whatever else would be needed. Such changes could be made quickly. Importantly, its ability to be tailored to meet the exact business needs assures of its ability to meet the intended goals. With the main objective of acquiring software for a logistics organization being to meet the organizational objectives, customized software would be best suited for our organization. Even though the organization would incur high initial cost, it would experience the exact objective for which such software is acquired. Additionally, it would only provide what is needed in the organization, thus saving the company idle features consuming

IPv6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IPv6 - Essay Example The 32-bit addressing system employs packet switching to facilitate communication. IPv4 can thus be treated as an upgrade of IPV4, to improve the IP protocol system. There are a number of significant dereferences between the two protocols that will be essential in determining one’s choice for usage. Discussed below are the major differences: Address length- IPv4 is a 32 bit address while IPv6 is a 128 bit. This is the basic difference observable at a glance. These DNS names differ by a wide margin if compared by the number of addresses each can yield. In fact, to completely cover the IPv6 address, it is written in hexadecimal numbers as compared to IPv4 written in dotted decimal numbers. This forms of representation are all interpreted in form of binary numbers by the computers (Huitema, 1996). Packet header-generally, packet headers are always affixed at the start of Internet protocol addresses. It normally contains the address of the destination of a given packet. IPv4 has got packet headers only. This differs from IPv6 that has the header, although with more advanced functionalities. The header of IPv4 is 20 bits as compared to the 40 bits of IPv6. The advancement in the header allows addition of extension headers, a functionality not provided for by IPv4 computers (Huitema, 1996). Address resolution- the process of address resolution involves mapping of various IP addresses to the MAC address or rather, a link address. IPv4 employs the RFC 826. This is an Ethernet address resolution protocol. This resolution protocol has over the years exposed users to cyber threats because the protocol is within the link layer. IPv6 on the other hand makes use of Neighbor discovery Address resolution. Its protection is secured because the IPSec is employed to secure the connection in tunnel or transport mode (Amoss, & Minoli, 2008). Configuration- users of IPv4 have to ensure all configurations are done prior to internet usage. The IP address and routes

Current Trends in Hypnosis Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Current Trends in Hypnosis Therapy - Essay Example Current theories of hypnotherapy attempts to find out the neurological connections and alterations associated with it, and once the neurocognitive significance of such diseases would be elucidated, hypnotherapy, as expected, would perhaps get the status of treatment from its current status of adjunct to treatment. Current research calls for more extensive studies to develop specific criteria for development of management guidelines. Introduction: It is difficult to define very precisely what hypnosis is, and on the face of very many different definitions, it can be defined as a temporary condition of altered perception in the subject which may be induced by another person and in which a variety of phenomena may appear spontaneously or in response to verbal or other stimuli. These include alterations in the consciousness of the subject and in his memory, may involve increased susceptibility to suggestion, and these may lead to production in the subject of responses or ideas that are familiar to him in the usual state of mind. Hypnosis is all about the manipulation of the unconscious mind. The unconscious mind of any individual not only holds information that is outside his consciousness, but it also manages sensations and body functions. Thus, not only does information from the mind affect the body, but there is now scientific evidence that any mental processes, mental states, and mental behaviors affect all the cells and all the organs in the body all the time. Hypnosis, in one form or another, has been used in different parts of the world to treat various medical and psychological disorders since ancient times. As yet no universal definition or explanation of hypnosis has been postulated. Many theories, loosely classified under state and nonstate theories, have been advanced to explain hypnosis, but none of the theories has satisfactorily explained all the phenomena associated with. State theorists conceptualize hypnosis as a trance or altered state of consciousness, influenced by subjective traits and the states of the hypnotized person. According to Alladin in 2006, the nonstate theorists purport a social, psychological explanation and maintain that there is nothing unique about hypnosis; they argue that most hypnotic phenomena can occur without a hypnotic induction (Alladin, A., 2006). These theorists focus on the social or relational aspects of the hypnotic interaction, and they emphasize the role of a variety of interactional forces, such as expectations and situational demands, in the production of hypnotic phenomena. These different formulations of hypnosis have broadened our understanding of the subject. Academics and experimentalists have generally endorsed nonstate, interpersonal, or multifactorial views of hypnosis, whereas clinicians have tended to adopt state, intrapersonal, or single views of hypnosis. There is another theory; the neodissociation theory of hypnosis is a new approach that has been accepted by the clinicians. Proponents of both camps, however, agree that hypnotic suggestions can produce altered states,